DEVELOPMENT OF PILOT SIZE PROCESS FOR ZEOLITE Y AND ZSM-5 PRODUCTION FROM KANKARA KAOLIN
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
ABSTRACT
The successes recorded at the laboratory for the synthesis of zeolite Y and ZSM-5 using Kankara kaolin sourced from Katsina state, Nigeria as starting material necessitated the need for upscale of the production process. This thesis focused on the development of three pilot size production units and characterizing the products obtained from those units. Pilot size reactors for dealumination and production of zeolite Y and ZSM-5 were developed and test run. Manual means of design was adopted; the materials of construction were carefully selected for the fabrication stage. The process of producing zeolite from kaolin involve, kaolin beneficiation, calcination, dealumination, zeolite recipe preparation and crystallization. The capacity of the pilot size dealuminator, zeolite Y and ZSM-5 reactors were 2.5 kg, 2 kg and 4 kg per run respectively. The reaction temperature and time for the production of zeolite Y were 100°C and 7 hours respectively. Low temperature production of ZSM-5 was achieved at 95°C for a period of 5 days. The physicochemical properties of the raw material, intermediate products (beneficiated kaolin, metakaolin and silica), and final products (zeolite Y and ZSM-5) were characterized using Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), Energy Dispertive x-ray Spectrometer (EDS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. Dealumination reactor efficiency of 88%, 94%, 97% and 98% in terms of solid product quality was obtained from interior surface without coating, silicone caulk coating, ceramic tiles lining and glass lining respectively. The product obtained from the dealumination reaction was majorly alum and silica. The silica-to-alumina ratio of the zeolite Y produced vii was 3.08 and the crystals were well formed having a specific surface area, average pore size and pore volume of 321 m2 /g, 34 Å and 0.270668 cm3 /g respectively. The crystals of ZSM5 produced were good as revealed by SEM, with high specific surface area of 411 m2 /g, average pore size and pore volume of 24 Å and 0.248190 cm3 /g respectively. The silica-toalumina ratio of the produced ZSM-5 zeolite was 77. The quality of zeolite Y and ZSM-5 produced using the developed pilot size reactors were comparable to those synthesized in the laboratory. From the performance test on hydrocracking reaction carried out in a fixed bed reactor, Pt/H-ZSM-5 performed better than Pt/La-zeolite Y. Maximum conversion of nhexadecane was 98% at reaction temperature of 265 °C for Pt/H-ZSM-5, while 94 % conversion was obtained for Pt/La-zeolite Y at reaction temperature of 315 °C. The prepared catalysts showed high selectivity for gasoline fraction than diesel and lighter fraction products. Cracking was more favored than isomerization during the hydrocracking reaction. The pilot size production units designed had proven to produce good zeolite Y and ZSM-5 from Kankara kaolin which were active in terms of catalytic performance of the zeolite based formulated catalysts.
Related Project Materials
EFFICIENCY OF MONETARY POLICY IN CONTROLLING INFLATION IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This researcher work was embarked upon to study the efficiency of monetary policy in controlli...
ASPECTS OF THE LEXICAL SEMANTICS OF URHOBO
ABSTRACT
This study examined aspects of the lexical semantics of Urhobo, with the aim of identifying s...
THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF CORPORATE TAX AND VALUE ADDED TAX (VAT) AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
One of the most commonly discussed issues in Economics is how tax rates relate to economic growth....
THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (A CASE STUDY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL IN ANAMBRA STATE)
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to assess the role of the local government in national development. Specifically, th...
PERCEPTIONS OF STAKEHOLDERS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF INDISCIPLINE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This study investigated “Perceptions of Stakeholders on the Management of Indiscipline in Public Secondary Schools in Kats...
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AS A TOOL FOR WEALTH CREATION
Abstract
This study is on entrepreneurship development as a tool for wealth creation. The total population for the...
EVALUATION OF TABLETING PROPERTIES OF NATIVE AND MODIFIED STARCHES, DERIVED FROM SOLENOSTEMON ROTUNDIFOLIUS, AS TABLET BINDER AND DISINTEGRANT
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research was to study the tableting properties of Solenostemon rotundifolius starch (SRS) and modified forms for...
THE INFLUENCE OF HOME ENVIRONMENT ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF A CHILD
ABSTRACT
The project work was carried out in Egor local governmen...
THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL SECRETARIES IN COMMERCIAL BANK
Abstract
The research study investigated the role of secretaries in computerized offices, with particular reference to c...
THE IMPACT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON VOCATIONAL TRAINING ACCESS AND SUCCESS
ABSTRACT: The Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Vocational Training Access and Success is a critical area of study for understanding the bar...
